Urine Immunoglobin G Greater Than 2.45 mg/L Has a Correlation with the Onset and Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

AIM: To further assess the correlation between urine immunoglobin G (IgG) greater than 2.45 mg/L and the onset and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). METHODS: One thousand and thirty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were divided into two groups based on the baseline levels of 24 h urinary albumin excretion (24 h UAE): one group with 24 h UAE < 30 mg/24 h and one with 24 h UAE ≥ 30 mg/24 h. The groups were subdivided using baseline levels of urine IgG (≤2.45 mg/L and >2.45 mg/L; hereafter, the Low and High groups, respectively). We used logistic regression to assess the risk of urine IgG and it exceeding 2.45 mg/L. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the onset and progression time of DKD. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to test the predictive value of urine IgG exceeding 2.45 mg/L. RESULTS: Urine IgG was an independent risk factor for the onset and progression of DKD. The rate and risk of DKD onset and progression at the end of follow-up increased significantly in the High group. The onset and progression time of DKD was earlier in the High group. Urine IgG exceeding 2.45 mg/L has a certain predictive value for DKD onset. CONCLUSIONS: Urine IgG exceeding 2.45 mg/L has a correlation with the onset and progression of DKD, and it also has a certain predictive value for DKD onset.

Increased Gestational Weight Gain is Associated with a Higher Risk of Offspring Adiposity Before Five Years of Age: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: We aim to investigate the influence of weight gain during pregnancy on the risk of offspring adiposity before five years old. Methods: We retrospectively collected health information from the Tianjin mother-child cohort. Offspring outcome was BMI Z-score and prevalence of childhood adiposity from 0.5-5 years old. Gestational weight gain was analyzed using continuous and categorical variables evaluated by the IOM guidelines. Multivariate analysis adjusted maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, maternal height, smoking, cesarean section, gestational age at birth, birth weight, birth length, and mode of infant feeding during 0-6 months. Results: Gestational weight gain contributed to offspring's BMI Z-score from 1-5 years old, and the effect was most obvious in the first half of pregnancy (multivariate analysis, at 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, and 5 years of age: ß 0.011, 95% CI 0.008-0.014; ß 0.017, 95% CI 0.015-0.020; ß 0.005, 95%CI 0.002-0.008; ß 0.018, 95% CI 0.015-0.021; ß 0.014, 95% CI 0.009-0.020; ß 0.013, 95% CI 0.005-0.021). Excessive weight gain was associated with a higher prevalence of offspring adiposity before five years, even if prepregnancy BMI is normal. Multivariate regression analysis further confirmed that excessive weight gain during the first half of pregnancy significantly increased the risk of childhood obesity at aged one and three (AOR 1.083, 95% CI 1.003-1.169; AOR 1.158, 95% CI 1.036-1.293). Conclusion: Offspring have a higher risk of preschool adiposity when gestational weight gain was excessive during the first half of pregnancy.